Croatia healthcare system is one of the very few systems that revolve around the principles of solidarity and reciprocity.
What this means is that, as a citizen of the country, everyone is expected to contribute to the best of their ability in paying for and receiving basic health insurance.
Introduction to Croatia Healthcare System
The universal healthcare system of Croatia is such that all citizens have access to public insurance, which enables them to have decent access to healthcare in form of “obvezno.” Though there are major cities that have better access to healthcare facilities in Croatia compared to remote areas where health services are less, but still acceptable.
One of the major challenges of Croatia’s health system is the rising costs of healthcare, especially on the aspect of expenditure on drugs. Also, there’s a lack of budget funds for the system to cushion this effect, which has affected the supply of drugs in the country.
Medications in Croatia
In Croatia, pharmacy is in every town, and prescriptions for medications must always be gotten from the medical doctor. This means it’s pertinent to consult a doctor before going to a pharmacy for drugs.
If it happens you’re traveling with medications, it’s very important you check with the Ministry of Health for details on medication allowances and restrictions.
Another interesting thing about the Croatia health system is that every working member of a family continues to pay a certain amount of money as a contribution to the healthcare delivery, which makes it possible for other members of the family to access it.
Also, the self-employing members of the population also pay health care contributions.
Croatia Health Insurance
The health insurance in Croatia is all-inclusive as it applies to every single person in the country; be it the students, temporary residents, citizens, and whatnot.
Once you’re a resident of Croatia, there are no cut corners about it as you need to sign up for health insurance well before making the residence permit applications.
It’s crucial every resident of Croatia must obtain insurance through the office of HZZO (the Croatia Institute Insurance) to meet the nation’s insurance policy requirements.
To successfully navigate through the health insurance requirements in the country, reach out to renowned insurance professionals.
Pros of Croatia Healthcare System
Here are some of the benefits of Croatia healthcare system:
Croatia provides premium healthcare to citizens and long-term visitors
One thing about the Croatian healthcare system is that the state is in charge of proving access to healthcare. This is done by mandating every citizen to pay into the HZZO, which is a country-wide health insurance system.
To fund the healthcare system in Croatia, there are two forms of funding, which take care of general healthcare.
Payments to HZZO are determined by calculating the yearly income of every working member of a family. The money is then paid monthly by an individual or the family through the employer as the case may be.
It’s available to all people
You sure don’t need to panic about the accessibility of Croatia’s healthcare delivery as it is available to all and sundry.
Residents cover mandatory health insurance and there are options to get supplemental health insurance for extra service.
It’s important to note that there are linkages between private healthcare and established medical facilities.
Another good thing is that issues with lack of insurance aren’t common because the state takes care of the less-privileged and makes them access healthcare.
Croatia’s healthcare is cheap and of quality
The provisions and supports by the Croatian Government make it possible that there is high-quality healthcare in the country with low fees.
These days, many foreigners are now attracted to the country in terms of making it their abode and where to seek medical treatments for their various conditions, all thanks to the lower healthcare services the nation offers.
There has been a report that indicates that medical care is 70% less in terms of cost compared to other developed nations of the world.
Croatia Healthcare System consists of polyclinics
The healthcare system in Croatia competes shoulder to shoulder with the other health systems around the world.
This is in accordance with the International Association for Medical Assistance to Travelers (IAMAT).
It operates state-of-the-art medical research
There have been a lot of remarkable advances in the Croatian health system shown in the past years. Drugs such as Azithromycin and its likes are some of the drugs developed by the pharmaceutical industry.
Very recently, the University Hospital Center Zagreb has developed a new incision-less Gamma Knife for radiation therapy on brain aberrations such as tumors, which makes it possible to target the tumor safely compared to the traditional surgery.
Also, there are a ton of new technologies in dentistry developed in recent times. The truth is, contributing to the national healthcare system has many benefits.
Citizens pay their ability and receive commendable levels of care based on special needs.
The nation’s healthcare system provides a form of mandatory insurance for all workers and craftsmen in the industrial sectors.
How is the emergency medical service organized in Croatia?
Developed in 2009, the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and Investment Planning Project started by providing Croatians with more accessible and effective emergency medical services.
The EMS in the nation has been well organized to model the collaborative and single system of pre-hospital and the hospital EMS and the Croatian Institute of Emergency Medicine.
Final thought
We are confident we have gotten the essential information you need about the healthcare system in Croatia.
However, do not hesitate to drop your observation as your opinion would definitely count, or drop further questions if any in the comment box below.
The Finland healthcare system is a universal healthcare system rated among the top best healthcare systems in the world.
Finland has over the years focused on the prevention of diseases and through health promotion and awareness, there has been a significant impact on the eradication of certain communicable diseases and improvement in the health of the general population.
The quality of service in Finland’s healthcare system is great compared to that of most countries in the work.
According to a 2000 survey published by the European Commission, Finland belongs to the top five countries in satisfaction: 88% of Finnish respondents were satisfied, compared with the EU average of 71%.
Introduction to Finland health care system
The Finland healthcare system can be considered a success because of several factors. For instance, due to public health interventions and progress in medical care, there has been an outstanding improvement in life expectancy for decades.
In 2009, Finland was recorded to have 2.7 practicing physicians for every 1000 individuals compared to a nurse ratio of 9.6 nurses to 1000 individuals.
This can partly be explained by the importance placed on the use of nurses, who greatly reduce the need for practicing physicians.
Finland is considered outstanding particularly in regards to specialized medical care and the coverage of its screening and vaccination programs. Finland has a very comprehensive screening program for breast cancer where 84% of women, aged 50 to 69 years, annually take part.
Lower fertility rates and an aging population, due to increased life expectancy, brings new challenges to the Finnish health care system.
Structure of Finland healthcare system
The Ministry of Social Affairs and Health directs and guides the development and policies of social protection, social welfare, and health care.
Due to the decentralized public administration of Finland’s healthcare system, municipalities decide how the local services are provided.
Every municipality has a responsibility to offer health care services to their residents and it is usually provided in municipal health care centers and/or municipal hospitals. In addition to municipal health care services, employers must offer occupational healthcare services to their workers.
Private hospital groups offer primary and secondary care services but they may also refer patients to the university hospitals or to community hospitals run by the local municipality for specialist care and treatment.
Some part of the costs incurred in the use of private medical providers can be reclaimed from the government social insurance institution KELA but this is never 100%.
The Finnish universal health care system implores that access to hospital care is subject to a request from a general practitioner.
Primary care is obtained from the health care centers employing general practitioners and nurses that provide most day-to-day medical services.
The general practitioners are also gatekeepers to the more specialized services in the secondary and tertiary care sectors, as a referral from primary care providers is necessary to receive care on the secondary and tertiary levels.
For secondary care, Finland is geographically divided into 21 hospital districts and each district provides more specialized care for the municipalities within its region.
Finland also has a network of five university teaching hospitals which makes up the tertiary level. These contain the most advanced medical equipment and facilities in the country funded by the municipalities; however, the national government meets the cost of medical training.
Finland healthcare system funding
The healthcare system receives funding from two sources. Municipal financing is based on taxes and is used to provide primary healthcare services.
Municipalities fund the health centers on the primary care level and regional hospitals on the secondary care level.
National Health Insurance (NHI) is based on compulsory fees and it is used to fund private healthcare, occupational healthcare, outpatient drugs, and sickness allowance.
Regional and university hospitals are financed by federations of participating municipalities, often using the diagnosis-related group system.
Costs of Public Healthcare in Finland healthcare system
The Finland healthcare system makes healthcare services available to everyone in Finland, regardless of their financial situation, which is one of the benefits of the universal health care system.
Public health services are mainly financed from tax revenues; partly municipal, partly state tax. The central government’s contribution to municipal healthcare is determined by population numbers, age structures, and morbidity statistics.
Finland spends less than 7% of its gross national product on healthcare, one of the lowest among EU member states. The public sector finances 76% of total healthcare expenditure, users of services 20%, and others 4%.
There are 5 recognized universities in Finland that offer basic medical education. All medical schools have research programs for students who wish to undertake scientific work.
During the clinical period of their courses, students participate in the work of various hospital and health center departments, learning necessary medical skills.
After each clinical course, students have to pass a final examination in the specialty. Basic medical education lasts for some six and a half years and leads to the degree of Licentiate of Medicine.
A large number of programs in Finland are offered in English, especially at the Master’s level. However, undergraduate studies are mostly conducted in Finnish.
The cost to study in Finland
Finland is among the top countries with free healthcare and colleges. College in Finland is free for students hailing from the European Union. Medical school lasts six years in Finland. It leads to the degree of Licentiate in Medicine.
However, starting in 2017, international undergraduate students wishing to earn degrees in English will pay a minimum of 1,500 EUR per year (approximately $1,776 per year), though many universities charge far more depending on the degree level and program of study.1 2
However, doctoral students no matter what country they are from as well as those pursuing their studies in Finnish still pay no tuition.
Finland’s Healthcare system consists of a highly decentralized three-level publicly funded healthcare system and a much smaller private sector, which offers its residents universal healthcare.
One ought to also consider the cost of living when studying in Finland, for instance, food in Finland is 20% more expensive than the rest of most countries in Europe.
Access to Finland’s Healthcare System
There are different routes to access the healthcare system in Finland, but the two common routes are;
Kela Card
EHIC Card in Finland
Kela Card (Finnish Social Security and Health Insurance Card)
All residents of Finland should have their Kela Card issued to prove their eligibility for social security and National Health Insurance in Finland.
Kela Card also gives discounts for buying medicines. However, it is only available to persons moving to Finland on permanent status.
EHIC Card in Finland
Citizens of the European U, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland are entitled to public healthcare upon provision of a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC).
If you are not from the European Union, you should obtain either travel or international health insurance before visiting Finland to use private healthcare services.
European Union citizens moving to Finland can also obtain international insurance if they prefer to use private services.
Visiting a Specialist in Finland
If one requires hospital admission or specialist care in Finland, a referral letter from your family doctor would be required.
As earlier mentioned, Finland is divided into 21 hospital districts. Each district provides more specialized care for the municipalities within its region.
Finland health care ranking
According to Worldpopulationreview, Finland comes in the 31st position in the world healthcare ranking. A good and reliable healthcare system can never be neglected and through the treatment (or prevention) of illness, injury, disease, and other physical or mental impairments personal health is maintained, and life expectancy increased.
It is also noted that Finland stands among the countries with the best health care system globally. BAV Group/Wharton School (2020)
Does the healthcare system contribute to making Finland a happy country?
Finland has a universal health care system which is a significant factor in how happy its citizens feel.
With a low crime rate, a good healthcare system, and a welcoming employment rate, most Fins tend to have a high standard of living and to feel content in their daily lives.
What are the top causes of death in Finland?
Cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and nervous system disorders are leading causes of death in Finland.
Heart diseases are the leading cause of death, followed by Alzheimer’s and other dementias and stroke. Many deaths formerly assigned to pneumonia are now classified as deaths due to Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias and cardiovascular diseases.
Conclusion
Finland has a population of over 5 million people which are covered by this Finland healthcare system. The government and different organizations strive in having the name of Finland written boldly among the best healthcare systems in the world.
This system of healthcare service delivery wouldn’t be complete without mentioning the impacts of the health care workers ranging from but are not limited to the physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and scientists.
With collective and collaborative efforts this health care system keeps growing from strength to strength.
We are open to recommendations and suggestions kindly reach out to us through the comment section.
The best healthcare system in the world has given many the curiosity to dig for more information.
However, individuals have different views about the healthcare system of different countries and each country has a different healthcare system they consider appealing to the nation’s management.
To some people, there is no standard way how to rate the best healthcare system in the world because of variations in different regions like population and geographical state which have brought many unsettled controversies to the table.
The WHO rankings on the best healthcare system in the world are claimed to have been subject to many and varied criticisms since its publication in 2000.
Introduction to the best healthcare system in the world
Concerns raised over the five factors considered, data sets used and comparison methodologies have led health bodies and political commentators from different countries on the list to question the efficacy of its results and validity of any conclusions drawn.
Such criticisms of the WHO to rank the best health care system in the world must also however be understood in the context of a predisposition to analytical bias commensurate with an individual nation’s demographics, socio-economics, and politics as earlier mentioned.
In over 10 years of discussion and controversy over the WHO Ranking of the best health care system in the world, there is still no consensus about how a world health system ranking should be compiled.
The health care system and maintenance are one of the costly items in a country’s budget therefore, it is considered an essential factor of deliberation.
The performance of health systems has been a major concern for executive and legislative bodies for many years. Many countries have in recent times introduced reforms in their health sectors with the aim of improving performance.
Measurement of performance requires an explicit framework defining the goals of a health system against which outcomes can be judged and performance quantified.
Factors to quantify the best health care system in the world:
Responsiveness to health or medical cases
Fairness in financing the health system
Level of distribution to a health care facility
The efficiency of the health system
Quality and Equity of distribution
The improvement in the health of the population both in terms of levels attained and distribution is an essential tool, that can be used to rate the best health care system in the world.
While enhanced responsiveness of the health system to the legitimate expectations of the population refers to the non-health improving dimensions of the interactions of the populace with the health system and reflects the respect of persons and client orientation in the delivery of health services.
As with health outcomes, both the level of responsiveness and its distribution is important. The third intrinsic goal is fairness in financing and financial risk protection.
The aim is to ensure that poor households should not pay a higher share of their discretionary expenditure on health than richer households, and all households should be protected against catastrophic financial losses related to ill health as in the case of the universal health system.
This article, “the best health care system in the world” is to bring to light a few things you need to know about the health system in a few selected countries. Some of the leading world powers are selected and their health systems are briefly analyzed.
Countries with the best health care system in the world
New Zealand
Austria
Denmark
Sweden
Canada
United States of America
France
Australia
Netherlands
Germany
United kingdoms
Japan
Israel
South Korea
Switzerland
New Zealand in the best health care system in the world
The Netherlands is known for its universal and excellent standard of healthcare and it’s regularly rated among the best health care system in the world.
The Netherlands has universal healthcare, but the government requires all adults living or working in the Netherlands to have basic insurance.
The basic plan covers the basic standard of care like visits to hospitals. Some treatments may have an excess for which you need to pay a portion out of pocket.
Many people also choose to get a higher level of insurance coverage for an additional fee that compensates for other treatments not covered on the basic insurance package.
Austria
Austria has a two-tier health care system in which virtually all individuals receive publicly funded care, but they also have the option to purchase supplementary private health insurance.
Care involving private insurance plans (sometimes referred to as “comfort class” care) can include more flexible visiting hours and private rooms and doctors. Some individuals choose to completely pay for their care privately.
Austrian health care spending as a percentage of GDP for 1970 to 2015, compared with other nations. Healthcare in Austria is universal for residents of Austria as well as those from other EU countries.
Enrollment in the public health care system is generally automatic and is linked to employment. However, insurance is also guaranteed to co-insured persons (i.e. spouses and dependents), pensioners, students, the disabled, and those receiving unemployment benefits.
All insured persons are issued an e-Card, which must be presented when visiting a doctor (however, some doctors only treat privately insured patients). The e-Card allows for the digitization of health claims and replaces the earlier health insurance voucher.
Hospitals and clinics can be either state-run or privately run. Austria has a relatively high density of hospitals and physicians; In 2011 there were 4.7 Physicians per 1000 people, which is slightly greater than the average for Europe.
Denmark among the health care system in the world
Denmark has the highest employment rate in Europe (74 percent in 2015). In the last three years, the World Bank has ranked Denmark as the best country for business in Europe and third-best in the world after Singapore and New Zealand.
In addition, Transparency International ranked Denmark as the least corrupt country in the world in 2015. In relation, the health care system of Denmark is a standard that most countries cling to.
Many scholars have rated Denmark among the best health care system in the world.
The Danish healthcare system is universal and based on the principles of free and equal access to healthcare for all citizens. The healthcare system offers high-quality services, the majority of which are financed by general taxes.
Sweden among the health care system in the world
Healthcare in Sweden is largely tax-funded. The system ensures everyone has equal access to healthcare facilities and services.
This health care system is mainly government-funded, universal for all citizens, and decentralized, although private health care also exists. Private healthcare is relatively scarce in Sweden, and even those private institutions work under the mandated city councils.
Canada
Canada’s health care system is a publicly funded health care system and is best described as an interlocking set of ten provincial and three territorial health systems.
Canada has a decentralized, universal, publicly funded health system called Canadian Medicare.
Health care is funded and administered primarily, by the country’s 13 provinces and territories. Each has its own insurance plan, and each receives cash assistance from the federal government on a per-capita basis. Many scholars have rated Canada among the best health care system in the world
The United States of America
The United States does not have a universal healthcare program, unlike most other developed countries. In 2013, 64% of health spending was paid for by the government, and funded via programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, the Children’s Health Insurance Program, and the Veterans Health Administration.
This system primarily relies on employers to voluntarily provide health insurance coverage to their employees and dependents.
The U.S. health care system is unique among advanced industrialized countries. Rather than operating a national health service, a single-payer national health insurance system, or a multi-payer universal health insurance fund, the U.S. health care system can best be described as a hybrid system.
The federal government accounted for 28 percent of spending while state and local governments accounted for 17 percent. Most health care, even if publicly financed, is delivered privately.
France
The health care system in France is made up of a fully integrated network of public hospitals, private hospitals, doctors, and other medical service providers. It is a universal service providing health care for every citizen, irrespective of wealth, age, or social status.
The French health care system is funded in part by obligatory health contributions levied on all salaries, and paid by employers, employees, and the self-employed; in part by central government funding; and in part by users who normally have to pay a small fraction of the cost of most acts of health care that they receive.
Australia in the best health care system in the world
The Australian public access health care facilities within the public health system for free or at a lower cost through Medicare (funded by tax).
The private system includes health service providers that are owned and managed privately, such as private hospitals, specialist medical and allied health, and pharmacies.
Every Australian is eligible for Medicare the country’s national universal health care program and can receive medical care at public hospitals and other health care providers, usually with no out-of-pocket costs except for outpatient prescription drugs and some auxiliary services.
Netherlands among the best health care system in the world
The Netherlands has universal healthcare, but the government requires all adults living or working in the Netherlands to have basic insurance.
The basic plan will cost € 100-120 out of pocket. If you’re employed, your employer will pay a small percentage towards medical coverage as well.
Germany
Germany has a universal multi-payer health care system. Employers and their employees pay for most of the health care system in Germany through premiums.
All workers contribute about 7.5 percent of their salary to a public health insurance pool. According to the Euro health consumer index, which placed it in the seventh position in its 2015 survey, Germany has long had the most restriction-free and consumer-oriented healthcare system in Europe.
Patients are allowed to seek almost any type of care they wish whenever they want it.
United kingdoms in the beast health care system in the world
The health care system here is devolved, with England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales each having their own systems of publicly funded healthcare, funded by and accountable to separate governments and parliaments, together with the smaller private sector and voluntary provision.
The UK has a government-sponsored universal healthcare system called the National Health Service (NHS). The NHS consists of a series of publicly funded healthcare systems in the UK. It includes the National Health Services (England), NHS Scotland, NHS Wales, and Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland. Citizens are entitled to healthcare under this system but have the option to buy private health insurance as well.
The NHS Plan promises more power and information for patients, more hospitals and beds, more doctors and nurses, significantly shorter waiting times for appointments, improved healthcare for older patients, and tougher standards for NHS organizations.
The UK’s health care system is one of the most efficient in the world, according to a study of seven industrialized countries. The Commonwealth Fund report looked at five areas of performance – quality, efficiency, access to care, equity, and healthy lives, The Netherlands ranked first overall, closely followed by the UK and Australia.
The UK performed well when it came to the quality of care and access to care. The UK also ranked first in its efficiency, which was measured by examining total national spending on healthcare as a percentage of GDP, as well as the amount spent on healthcare administration and insurance.
Israel
Healthcare in Israel is universal and participation in a medical insurance plan is compulsory.
All Israeli residents are entitled to basic health care as a fundamental right. In 2015, Israel was ranked the sixth-healthiest country in the world by Bloomberg rankings and ranked eighth in terms of life expectancy.
South Korea is among the countries with the best health care system
South Korea is one of the world’s most rapidly industrializing countries. Along with industrialization has come universal health insurance. Within the span of 12 years, South Korea went from private voluntary health insurance to government-mandated universal coverage.
South Korea’s healthcare security system has three arms: the National Health Insurance Program,. Medical Aid Program, and Long-term Care Insurance Program.
Switzerland
Healthcare in Switzerland is universal and is regulated by the Swiss Federal Law on Health Insurance.
There are no free state-provided health services, but private health insurance is compulsory for all persons residing in Switzerland (within three months of taking up residence or being born in the country).
The Swiss healthcare system compares well with other OECD countries. It has universal health insurance coverage, permitting access to a broad range of modern facilities and efficient medical services.
The question now; is there really the best health care system in the world?
If you think there is more to this article you can drop your comment in the comment section.
Does Canada have universal healthcare? Canada has a universal healthcare system and stands among the countries with the top healthcare system globally.
However, the healthcare system in Canada is a bit complicated even for some of the citizens because when you are not informed you are disengaged.
This article will go beyond the single question of does Canada has universal healthcare. Everything you need to know about the Canadian healthcare system is made known.
Canada’s healthcare system is publicly funded and dynamic; several adjustments have been made over the past few decades and will continue in response to changes in evolving medicine and health throughout society.
The basics, however, remain the same universal coverage for medically necessary health care services provided on the basis of need, rather than the ability to pay.
From the above, you already know that Canada does have a universal healthcare system it operate. Although is essential you know how the entire universal healthcare system works.
Overview of does Canada have universal healthcare
There are two systems involved in healthcare delivery in Canada namely:
Provincial system and
Territorial systems of publicly funded health care are informally called Medicare.
The provinces and territories administer and deliver most of Canada’s health care services, with all provincial and territorial health insurance plans expected to meet national principles set out under the Canada Health Act.
Each provincial and territorial health insurance plan covers medically necessary hospital and doctors’ services that are provided on a pre-paid basis, without direct charges at the point of service. The provincial and territorial governments fund these services with assistance from federal cash and tax transfers.
Most provincial and territorial governments offer and fund supplementary benefits for certain groups (e.g., low-income residents and seniors), such as drugs prescribed outside hospitals, ambulance costs, and hearing, vision, and dental care, that are not covered under the Canada Health Act.
Although the provinces and territories provide these additional benefits for certain groups of people, supplementary health services are largely financed privately. Individuals and families who do not qualify for publicly funded coverage may pay these costs directly, be covered under an employment-based group insurance plan, or buy private insurance.
Under most provincial and territorial laws, private insurers are restricted from offering coverage that duplicates that of the publicly funded plans, but they can compete in the supplementary coverage market.
As well, each province and territory has an independent workers’ compensation agency, funded by employers, which funds services for workers who are injured on the job.
Canadians often consider universal access to publicly funded health services as a “fundamental value that ensures national health care insurance for everyone wherever they live in the country.” Canadian Medicare provides coverage for approximately 70 percent of Canadians’ healthcare needs, and the remaining 30 percent is paid for through the private sector.
Canada is currently experiencing high costs due to a demographic shift towards an older population, with more retirees and fewer people of working age. In 2006, the average age was 39.5 years; over a decade it rose to 42.4 years, with a life expectancy of 81.1 years.
Canada has one of the highest rates of adult obesity among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries attributing to approximately 2.7 million cases of diabetes (diabetes mellitus and insipidus).
General functions of the provincial and territorial systems in Canadian healthcare include:
Administration of their health insurance plans
Planning and funding of care in hospitals and other health facilities
Services provided by doctors and other health professionals
Planning and implementation of health promotion and public health initiatives
Negotiation of fee schedules with health professionals
Canadian expenditure in Does Canada have universal healthcare
Within the publicly funded healthcare system, health expenditures vary across the provinces and territories.
This is, in part, due to differences in the services that each province and territory covers and on demographic factors, such as a population’s age. Other factors, such as areas where there are small or dispersed populations, may also have an impact on the general healthcare costs.
Canada has what is known as a single-payer system, where basic services are provided by private doctors (since 2002 they have been allowed to incorporate), with the entire fee paid for by the government at the same rate. Now, you know why this article does Canada have universal healthcare is essential.
Most government funding (94%) comes from the provincial level. while most family doctors receive a fee per visit.
These rates are negotiated between the provincial governments and the province’s medical associations, usually on an annual basis
According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI), in 1975, total Canadian healthcare costs consumed 7% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Canada’s total healthcare expenditures as a percentage of GDP grew to an estimated 11.7% in 2010 (or $5,614 CDN per person).
In 2010, publicly funded health expenditures accounted for seven out of every 10 dollars spent on health care.
The remaining three out of every 10 dollars came from private sources and covered the costs of supplementary services such as drugs, dental care, and vision care. How healthcare dollars are spent has changed significantly over the last three decades.
Though the share of healthcare expenditures accounted for by hospitals declined to 29% in 2010 from approximately 45% in the mid-1970s, hospitals continue to account for the largest share of healthcare spending.
Hospital care is delivered by publicly funded hospitals in Canada. Most of the public hospitals, each of which are independent institutions incorporated under provincial Corporations Acts, are required by law to operate within their budget.
The amalgamation of hospitals in the 1990s has reduced competition between hospitals. This article “does Canada have universal healthcare is essential” will open your mind to verse things on the healthcare system Canadians operate.
Half of the private health expenditure comes from private insurance and the remaining half is supplied by out-of-pocket payments. Under the terms of the Canada Health Act, public funding is required to pay for medically necessary care, but only if it is delivered in hospitals or by physicians. There is considerable variation across the provinces/territories as to the extent to which such costs as out-of-hospital prescription medications, assistive devices, physical therapy, long-term care, dental care, and ambulance services are covered.
In 2009, the greatest proportion of this money went to hospitals ($51B), followed by pharmaceuticals ($30B), and physicians ($26B).
The proportion spent on hospitals and physicians has declined between 1975 and 2009 while the amount spent on pharmaceuticals has increased. Healthcare costs per capita vary across Canada with Quebec ($4,891) and British Columbia ($5,254) at the lowest level and Alberta ($6,072) and Newfoundland ($5,970) at the highest.
It is also the greatest at the extremes of age at a cost of $17,469 per capita in those older than 80 and $8,239 for those less than 1 year old in comparison to $3,809 for those between 1 and 64 years old in 2007.
In 2017, the Canadian Institute for Health Information reported that healthcare spending is expected to reach $242 billion, or 11.5% of Canada’s gross domestic product for that year. Total health spending per resident varies from $7,378 in Newfoundland and Labrador to $6,321 in British Columbia.
Knowing some of the benefits of universal healthcare will make you understand why people are inquisitive in asking does Canada have a universal healthcare system
Some of the benefits of universal healthcare in Canada
Lowers overall healthcare costs
It Could Increase Demand for Medical Services
Administrative costs subsidy
Standardizes service
A right to health care could make medical services affordable for everyone.
Creation of healthier workforce
Early childhood care prevents future social costs
Guides people to make healthier choices
A right to health care could save lives
Providing all citizens the right to health care is good for economic productivity
New Zealand healthcare system problems are related to those of other countries’ health issues.
However, the important thing to be considered should not be the existence of the healthcare system problems but rather a proper understanding of these problems and a clever approach to solving them.
The government of New Zealand through the health ministry works across the health sector to deliver better health outcomes for New Zealanders.
The Ministry leads New Zealand’s health and disability system and has overall responsibility for the management and development of that system.
Introduction to the New Zealand healthcare system problems
Different countries are faced with different challenges in their healthcare system. In New Zealand also there are healthcare system problems, which are what we are going to look at in this article.
That does not change the fact that New Zealand’s healthcare system problems are considerable compared to most countries.
It is known as one of the best in the world while there are still improvements to be made in the healthcare system, the government of New Zealand through its health ministry has worked to make healthcare affordable and accessible.
New Zealand operates on a universal health care system, which implies that the government handles the public healthcare system from its budget to the agency that oversees it.
This allows healthcare to be free to access, as it is funded publicly through taxes and by the national government. It is also to note that the universal health care system has its own pros and cons.
However, the government does not handle the responsibilities for providing health services, leaving this up to regional and private healthcare centers in the system.
Compared to most developed countries, healthcare in New Zealand receives more government funding than private funding. Most of the funding comes from taxation, that’s why the New Zealand healthcare system problems are bearable to most countries’ health systems.
The government also provides financial compensation for injuries. The Accidental Compensation Corporation (ACC) is a government agency that works with the national government to provide financial compensation for injuries during work and other events.
New Zealand healthcare system problems
There are some challenges that are being faced by the New Zealand healthcare system; however, knowing these problems will give a better insight into curbing them.
Below are some of the New Zealand healthcare system problems;
Chronic diseases and communicable diseases
Aging population
Health care costs overwhelm government budgets
Healthcare may raise taxes
Insufficient medical technology
Geographical disparity
Chronic and communicable diseases among the New Zealand healthcare system problems
Among the New Zealand healthcare system problems is the issue of chronic and communicable diseases.
For instance, obesity affects about 10 percent of New Zealand children and 30 percent in the pacific region. Some of New Zealand’s population groups do not benefit from the health and disability system as much as others.
Disabled people generally experience worse health than the rest of the population. 29% of disabled people rated their health as fair or poor compared with only 4% of non-disabled people.
Aging population among the New Zealand healthcare system problems
This is a serious challenge facing most healthcare systems globally because people must grow old and that will stress the operation of the health system.
This is good for individuals and their families, but it does mean social and health services will have to adapt, and it challenges the health system to find ways of providing services that are still affordable and convenient for the aged.
Keeping an older person healthy and independent can involve more health and social services than are needed for younger people. Older people are also more likely to have a disability and to have more than one health condition.
Health care costs overwhelm government budgets among the New Zealand healthcare system problems
These above challenges may raise the government budget in order to meet up to the health care cost.
This is a serious challenge to the development of other sectors because the monetary budget which may be used for other things will be channeled to the healthcare system in order to meet the health care demand.
Healthcare may raise taxes among the New Zealand healthcare system problems
Since the healthcare system is universal as earlier stated, an increase in taxation will be imposed on the citizens in order to have a smooth running healthcare system.
This is also a general challenge faced by most countries with a universal healthcare system.
Insufficient medical technology among the New Zealand healthcare system problems
The New Zealand healthcare system problems would not be complete when the shortage of medical technology and equipment is not stated. This challenge is pronounced because the government is overwhelmed with other problems that need an immediate response.
The geographical disparity among the New Zealand healthcare system problems
Though New Zealand has access to all its region there is still unequal distribution of the merits arising from the health sector.
Geographical disparities in health between Maoris and non-Maoris have been evident for all of the colonial history of New Zealand.
Explanations for these differences involve a complex mix of components associated with socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, availability of health care, and discrimination according to Ellison.
Approaches by the New Zealand government in solving some of these problems
In the face of the ranging healthcare challenges, the New Zealand government through its health ministry is not relenting in making sure that the health system stands uprightly in its operations and giving the people standard health care which is affordable and convenient through;
The health services with a strong focus on primary care and a widely supported focus on wellness
An outstanding unique public health and no-fault accident compensation system, which serves the whole population throughout their lives
A publicly-funded, universal health system with a committed and highly trained workforce
A strong desire for health and social services to work better together
A growing best practice evidence base developed through research
The Māori and Pacific health providers, connected to their communities and modeling integrated approaches to health
The local decision-makers in district health boards (DHBs) who are well-positioned to respond to community needs and integrate services
Conclusion on the New Zealand healthcare system problems
The challenges faced by the New Zealand healthcare system are not limited to the ones above. However, these issues not listed here are directly or indirectly linked to the ones here.
Amidst the healthcare system problems, New Zealand still has one of the best healthcare functions and effective systems.
The universal health care pros and cons are of great importance. This article gives a great insight into universal healthcare pros and cons.
Universal health care refers to any action that a government takes to provide health care to as many people as possible at cheaper or no cost directly.
Some governments do this by setting minimum standards and regulations and some by implementing programs that cover the entire population.
The healthcare system has universal healthcare pros and cons however, the cardinal aim of a universal healthcare system is to cover medical bills for all bona fide citizens. Universal health care pros and cons cannot are essential for all to know.
Introduction to universal health care pros and cons
However, lower-income or those diagnosed with specific serious health conditions would have access to government-funded care. Essentially, it would be an expansion of the current Medicaid system with a few additional caveats.
Universal health care is a system that provides quality medical services to all citizens. The federal government offers it to everyone regardless of their ability to pay.
Before we proceed is essential you consider what pros and cons mean. Pro is a Latin root word meaning for. If you make a list of pros and cons, you are listing the reasons for doing something and the reasons not to, respectively.
In a nutshell, the universal healthcare pros and cons are the advantages and disadvantages of the universal healthcare system
Therefore, universal health care pros and cons are an essential part of any health system.
Universal healthcare pros and cons
We will look at some of the advantages and disadvantages of the universal healthcare system. There is a saying that no matter how good a system tends to be, there is always something missing.
This health care system is adopted by many countries for even cheaper health service delivery for the citizens yet, it faces many criticisms from individuals and organizations.
Universal healthcare pros or advantages
The right to health care is a recognized human right
Lowers overall healthcare costs
It Could Increase Demand for Medical Services
Administrative costs subsidy
Standardizes service
A right to health care could make medical services affordable for everyone.
Creation of healthier workforce
Early childhood care prevents future social costs
Guides people to make healthier choices
A right to health care could save lives
Providing all citizens the right to health care is good for economic productivity.
A right to health care could improve public health
Providing a right to health care could benefit private businesses.
A right to health care could stop medical bankruptcies
The right to health care is an internationally recognized human right
In 2005, the United States and the other member states of the World Health Organization signed World Health Assembly resolution 58.33, which stated that everyone should have access to healthcare services and should not suffer financial hardship when obtaining these services.
According to a peer-reviewed study in the Lancet, “ right-to-health features are not just good management, justice, or humanitarianism; they are obligations under human-rights law.”
Lowers overall health care cost in “universal health care pros and cons”
In a universal health system, the government controls the prices through negotiation and regulation thereby lowering the health cost.
This is a pro of the universal health system. Low-class individuals can have access to quality health care not considering their status.
It Could Increase Demand for Medical Services
The biggest benefit to this type of system is that it could make medical services affordable for more patients. In turn, this means more people seeking out healthcare who might have attempted self-care or no treatment at all.
For those in certain specialty practices, this has a good chance of meaning an increase in the number of patients. Why? Those who currently don’t have coverage for certain niche types of care would now be able to seek medical advice.
This is a great prospect for practitioners who want to keep their schedules full and their billing on pace with clinic goals.
Administrative costs subsidy
The cost of administration in a universal system is affordable therefore lifting burdens on the shoulders of young doctors.
For instance, doctors only deal with one government agency. For example, U.S. doctors spend four times as much as Canadians dealing with insurance companies.3
Standardizes service
In a competitive environment like the United States, health care providers must also focus on profit. They do this by offering the newest technology. They offer expensive services and pay doctors more. They try to compete by targeting the wealthy.
A right to health care could make medical services affordable for everyone.
According to a Gallup Poll, paying for health care is the biggest financial problem for US households.
A 2018 survey published by Becker’s Healthcare found that 22% of Americans found paying their deductible was “very difficult” or “impossible” and 64% reported that they delayed or did not seek medical care due to cost.
The cost of US family health insurance premiums increased 80% in the United States between 2003 and 2013. The cost of health insurance premiums for people who do not get coverage through work increased by 105% between 2013 and 2017.
Creation of a healthier workforce in universal health care pros and cons
Studies show that preventive care reduces the need for expensive emergency room usage.
Without access to preventive care, 46% of emergency room patients went because they had no other place to go. They used the emergency room as their primary care physician. This healthcare inequality is a big reason for the rising cost of medical care.
Early childhood care prevents future social costs
These include crime, welfare dependency, and health issues.6 Health education teaches families how to make healthy lifestyle choices, preventing chronic diseases.
Guides people to make healthier choices
Governments can impose regulations and taxes to guide the population toward healthier choices. Regulations make unhealthy choices, such as drugs, illegal. Sin taxes, such as those on cigarettes and alcohol, make them more expensive.
A right to health care could save lives
According to a study from Harvard researchers, “lack of health insurance is associated with as many as 44,789 deaths per year,” which translates into a 40% increased risk of death among the uninsured.
Another study found that more than 13,000 deaths occur each year just in the 55-64-year-old age group due to lack of health insurance coverage.
Providing all citizens the right to health care is good for economic productivity.
When people have access to health care, they live healthier lives and miss work less, allowing them to contribute more to the economy.
A study by researchers at the Universities of Colorado and Pennsylvania showed that workers with health insurance miss an average of 4.7 fewer work days than employees without health insurance. According to an Institute of Medicine report, the US economy loses $65-$130 billion annually because of diminished worker productivity, due to poor health, and premature deaths, among the uninsured
A right to health care could improve public health
According to a study in The Lancet that looked at data from over 100 countries, “evidence suggests that broader health coverage generally leads to better access to necessary care and improved population health, particularly for poor people.”
In the United States, people are 33% less likely to have a regular doctor, 25% more likely to have unmet health needs, and over 50% more likely to not obtain needed medicines compared to their Canadian counterparts who have a universal right to healthcare.
Providing a right to health care could benefit private businesses
If the United States implemented a universal right to health care, businesses would no longer have to pay for employee health insurance policies. As of 2017, 56% of Americans were receiving health insurance through their employer.
According to the Council on Foreign Relations, some economists believe the high costs of employee health insurance place US companies at a “competitive disadvantage in the international marketplace
A right to health care could stop medical bankruptcies
According to the National Bankruptcy Forum, medical debt is the #1 reason people file for bankruptcy in the United States.
In 2017, about 33% of all Americans with medical bills reported that they “were unable to pay for basic necessities like food, heat, or housing.”
If all US citizens were provided health care under a single-payer system medical bankruptcy would no longer exist, because the government, not private citizens, would pay all medical bills.
Universal healthcare cons or disadvantages
Healthy people pay for the sick
Longer wait times
Health care costs overwhelm government budgets
The government may limit services that have a low probability of success
A right to health care could increase debt and deficit.
Providing a right to health care could raise taxes.
Providing a right to health care could worsen a doctor shortage
Healthy people pay for the sick
Healthy people pay for others’ medical care: Chronic diseases make up 90% of health care costs. The sickest 5% of the population creates 50% of total healthcare costs, while the wealthiest 50% only creates 3% of costs. Equally, People have less financial incentive to stay healthy: Without a copay, people might overuse emergency rooms and doctors.
Longer wait times in “universal health care pros and cons”
There are long wait times for elective procedures: The government focuses on providing basic and emergency health care.
Medicaid is an example of a federally funded single-payer health care system that provides a right to health care for low-income people.
According to a Government Accountability Office (GAO) report, 9.4% of Medicaid beneficiaries have had trouble obtaining necessary care due to long wait times, versus 4.2% of people with private health insurance.
Health care costs overwhelm government budgets
Health care costs overwhelm government budgets. For example, some Canadian provinces spend almost 40% of their budgets on health care. In the same vein, doctors may cut care to lower costs if they aren’t well paid by cost-cutting governments: For example, doctors report Medicare payment cuts will force them to close many in-house blood testing labs.
The government may limit those services with a low probability of success
This includes drugs for rare conditions and expensive end-of-life care. In the United States, care for patients in the last six years of life makes up one-fourth of the Medicare budget.
A right to health care could increase debt and deficit
Spending on Medicare, Medicaid, and the Children’s Health Insurance Program, all government programs that provide a right to health care for certain segments of the population, totaled less than 10% of the federal budget in 1985, but by 2012 these programs took up 21% of the federal budget and are predicted to reach 30% of federal spending by 2028.
According to former US House Budget Committee Chairman Paul Ryan (R-WI), government health care programs drive “the explosive growth in our spending and debt.
Providing a right to health care could raise taxes
In European countries with a universal right to health care, the cost of coverage is paid through higher taxes.
In the United Kingdom and other European countries, payroll taxes average 37% – much higher than the 15.3% payroll taxes paid by the average US worker.
According to Paul R. Gregory, Ph.D, a Research Fellow at the Hoover Institution, financing a universal right to health care in the United States would cause payroll taxes to double.
Providing a right to health care could worsen a doctor shortage
The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) predicts a shortfall of up to 104,900 doctors by 2030.
If a right to health care were guaranteed to all, this shortage could be much worse. Doctor shortages in the United States have led to a 30% increase in wait times for doctor appointments between 2014 and 2017.
Types of universal health care systems in ” universal health care pros and cons “
There are essentially three ways to provide universal health care.
Private insurance
Single-payer system
Socialized medicine
Private insurance
The third system is to allow private insurance companies to regulate them and mandate that everyone purchase some type of health insurance plan.
Switzerland has regulated health insurance and the Affordable Care Act, which was passed in 2010, is an attempt to build a mandated health insurance system in the United States
Single-payer system
The second solution is to have a single-payer system, like Canada. Under a single-payer system, the government provides health insurance for everyone, but doctor’s offices and hospitals are still private businesses or nonprofits.
This type of system allows people more choice between doctors and hospitals with different approaches to care, but it also costs more than socialized medicine.
Socialized medicine
In this case, all hospitals would be owned by the government and all doctors and nurses would be government employees.
However, both doctors and patients have less choice in the range of treatments and procedures that are available to them.
In the universal health care pros and cons, it is essential you know that what works for A might not be suitable for B.
Countries with a universal health care system
There are over 70 countries with universal health care systems everyone ought to know;
Have you ever thought of countries with free healthcare and college?.
Studying and living in countries with free healthcare and college is everyone’s dream. The experience of living in a foreign country where the medical bill and college fees are taken care of by the government is worthwhile and everyone desire.
The list of countries with free healthcare and colleges is also a thing of consideration for those that intend to leave their countries for other countries for studies.
Introduction to countries with free healthcare and college
A new culture, new people, new places, new food who wouldn’t like to have that kind of an experience? Studying abroad offers you all these experiences and much more. But the massive tuition fee and other living expenses that may arise from the health sector are usually terror for many.
Well, not anymore! While our understanding of education in a foreign land is restricted to the United States of America and popular European nations, we tend to ignore the various other options available to us.
As it so happens, not knowing there are certain countries with free healthcare and college that offer education free of cost or with nominal tuition fees to residents and international students alike.
We are delighted to bring some of these countries with free healthcare and college to your notice which is a step towards achieving your goals as an aspirant for foreign education.
In the United States of America for instance, the staggering cost of higher education has many prospective college students wondering about countries with free healthcare and college pursuing a degree abroad.
More Americans are looking abroad at what countries have free college, as these options abroad are becoming increasingly publicized as the cost of college in the U.S. grows. Relax because this article will explore further, a handful of countries that offer free or low tuition to international students and programs of study entirely in English and healthcare costs covered also.
In the same vein, the fact that the US isn’t among the countries with universal healthcare and free college has been a topic of many heated political debates and complaints, especially among the Millennials faced with the prospect of repaying their student loans well into their adulthood.
If they have the misfortune of being hit by a major hospital bill as well, declaring bankruptcy is often the only solution.
Universal healthcare is something that is available in a vast number of countries across the globe. While the programs offered by each government vary from nation to nation, they’re all based on the same concept offering access to free healthcare to everyone, old or young.
In this article, we will list some of the popular countries with free health care and colleges
List of countries with free healthcare and colleges
Germany
Belgium
Norway
Denmark
Austria
Hungary
France
Latvia
Sweden
Finland
Greece
Germany among the countries with free healthcare and college
When it comes to excellent higher education at minimal or no cost, Germany tops the list. The public universities in Germany do not charge any tuition fee at all, however, a nominal university administration fee is usually charged.
In the same vein, the health care system in Germany is considered free because they adopt a universal multi-payer health care system Where all workers contribute about 7.5 percent of their salary into a public health insurance pool.
Germany has the world’s oldest national social health insurance system as far back as 1883. This country as one of the countries with free healthcare services operates with a decentralized system with private-practice physicians providing ambulatory care, and independent/mostly non-profit hospitals providing the majority of inpatient care.
Belgium among the countries with free healthcare and college
Belgium offers quality education with advanced infrastructure that allows students to gain both practical and theoretical education. The tuition fee is also very affordable and one can also get a good placement after completion of their courses.
Belgium spends about 10% of its annual GDP on the healthcare system, according to 2016 figures. In fact, this places it ninth out of countries from the EU and European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
If you are a resident in Belgium, you typically receive coverage by state Belgian healthcare if you carry out the compulsory registrations.
The Belgian healthcare system is one of the best in Europe. It is divided into state and private sectors, with fees payable in both.
The state system is funded by mandatory health insurance which allows residents to access subsidized services such as doctors, hospital care, dental care, maternity costs, and prescriptions at minimum or no cost.
Norway among the countries with free healthcare and college
In Norway, all hospitals are funded by the public as part of the national budget.
However, while medical treatment is free of charge for any person below the age of sixteen, residents who have reached adulthood must pay a deductible each year before becoming eligible for an exemption card which allows one to enjoy subsidized or free healthcare services in the country.
Although to some people this healthcare system in Norway, is not free because the exemption card doesn’t come for free.
In relation to their education system, Norway is one of the countries with free healthcare and college.
This is because the government finances the education in the country with taxpayer’s money. However, most top universities in Norway offer education in the Norwegian language which is why you need to learn the language and also pass a proficiency test.
Denmark among the countries with free healthcare and college
Denmark also offers free college. Students from the EU and Switzerland are able to take advantage of this benefit. However, international students pay about 8000 euros a year depending on the college and course of study.
The Danish healthcare system is universal and based on the principles of free and equal access to healthcare for all citizens.
The healthcare system offers high-quality services, the majority of which are financed by general taxes.
Austria among the countries with free healthcare and college
Austria has a two-tier health care system in which virtually all individuals receive publicly funded care, but they also have the option to purchase supplementary private health insurance.
This nation is said to offer free healthcare to its citizens. However, care involving private insurance plans can include more flexible visiting hours and private rooms and doctors.
In the education system in Austria, some universities are free of charge for both local and international students which some require prospective students to pay a nominal fee which grants them access to the school.
In Austria, foreign students can benefit from various study grants and scholarships. There are several options you should explore.
Hungary among the countries with free healthcare and college
Hungary is an exciting, diverse, and safe destination for international students. With great universities, high quality of life, and low costs, Hungary has a lot to offer.
Most Hungarian universities are public institutions, and students traditionally study without fee payment. Health insurance for students is free until the end of their studies.
Hungary has a tax-funded universal healthcare system, organized by the state-owned National Health Insurance Fund although there have been many reports that the Hungarian health system is underfunded.
France among the countries with free healthcare and college
France is a beautiful country in terms of health and education. The education system is also very advanced. The tuition fee is almost free here for international students and one can opt for various creative and mainstream courses from different universities in the nation.
France has a universal health care system, which provides health care for every citizen, irrespective of wealth, age, or social status, which is made up of a fully integrated network of public hospitals, private hospitals, doctors, and other medical service providers.
Nevertheless, France is one of the countries that offer free healthcare and college in the world.
Latvia among the countries with free healthcare and college
Latvian offers a universal health care system, which is funded through government taxation. It was among the lowest-ranked healthcare systems in Europe, due to excessive waiting times for treatment, insufficient access to the latest medicines, and other factors.
In the education sector in Latvia, free colleges are based on the college’s decision and not the government’s responsibility to subsidize the cost of colleges in the nation.
Sweden among the countries with free healthcare and college
The Swedish health care system is mainly government-funded, universal for all citizens, and decentralized, although private health care also exists.
Private healthcare is a rarity in Sweden, and even those private institutions work under the mandated city councils.
Most universities in Sweden are public and Bachelor’s and Master’s programs are free for EU/EEA and Switzerland citizens. College in Sweden is free, that is the reason most foreign students choose Sweden as a country to study although some fees might apply for international students.
Finland among the countries with free healthcare and college
College in Finland is free for students hailing from the European Union. However, starting in 2017, international undergraduate students wishing to earn degrees in English will pay a minimum of 1,500 EUR per year (approximately $1,776 per year), though many universities charge far more depending on the degree level and program of study.1 2
However, doctoral students no matter what country they are from as well as those pursuing their studies in Finnish still pay no tuition.
Finland’s Healthcare system consists of a highly decentralized three-level publicly funded healthcare system and a much smaller private sector, which offers its residents universal healthcare.
Therefore, Finland makes the list among the countries with free healthcare and college in the world.
Greece among the countries with free healthcare and colleges
The modern-day higher education in Greece is also at par with that of ancient times.
One can go for Post Graduate and Doctoral degrees in the top colleges in Greece. Most of the courses offered here are in the English language.
This country has a rich history with philosophers like Plato and Aristotle born here and contributed greatly to the ancient education system.
Education in Greece is free so no fees are paid by students. Embodied in the country’s constitution is that all Greek citizens (and certain foreigners who live and work in the country) are entitled to free education although there are many terms guiding this offer.
In relation to the healthcare system in Greece, Greece operates a National Health System (ESY) which aims to ensure free and equitable access to quality health services for all residents.
The system is made up of a mix of public and private health service providers, which are broadly divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary tiers of service delivery.
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